问刚毕业的田螺跪求高人指点装备搭配

助动词be、h**e和do 1.be动词的用法(1)助动词be和现在分词一起构成进行时或完成进行时。如：he ** reading.他在读书。i'll be waiting for you there then.我到时在那儿等你。(2)助动词be和过去分词一起构成被动语态。如：** he taken good care of?他被照顾得好吗？they shall be pun**hed.他们一定要受惩罚的。(3)助动词be用作系动词。如：matthew ** a teacher.马修是个老师。we were late today.我们今天迟到了。(4)助动词be和不定式连用，可以表示下面几种情况。表计划，只用于肯定句和疑问句。如：we are to d**cuss it the following week.我们打算下周讨论那件事。when ** the wedding to be?婚礼什么时候举行？表命令，只用于肯定句和否定句。如：all junior officers are to report to the colonel at once.全体下级军官都必须立即向上校报到。tom says i am to le**e you alone.汤姆要我不理会你。表可能，多用于被动结构。如：her father was often to be seen in the bar of th** hotel.在这家旅馆的酒吧经常可见到她父亲。where ** he to be found?在哪儿可找到他？表示“必须”，“应该”多用于现在式。如：nobody ** to le**e th** room.谁也不许离开这个房间。what am i to do next？下一步我该做什么？he's to blame.该怪他。表注定，多用于过去式。如：he was to be my teacher and friend for many years to come.在后来许多年里，他是我的老师和朋友。the professor did not know at the time that he was never to see h** native place again.当时教授不知道他再也见不到他的故土了。(5)助动词be用于条件从句。如：if we are to succeed,we must redouble our efforts.我们要想成功，必须加倍努力才行。（are to意为“想要”）(6)be后接going to,about to,on the point of等表示将来时间或根据计划、
意图等将要发生的事。如：it's going to rain.快要下雨了。(将来时间)he's about to le**e.他正要走。(将来时间)2.h**e的用法(1)助动词h**e与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态。如：i h**e read the book.我读过这本书。kenny has left.肯尼已经走了。(2)助动词h**e与been+现在分词构成各种完成进行时态。如：i h**e been washing the clothes the whole morning.整个上午我都在洗衣服。lambert has been wo**ng as a worker here for nearly five years.兰伯特一直在这里当工人，几乎有五年了。(3)助动词h**e构成had better,had best,had rather等词组。had better和had best是“最好还是…”或“还是…好”的意思。在had better中，had不表示过去时间，不能用h**e或has代替。had better后可接不带to的不定式或接进行式、完成式或被动语态。had better的否定式是had better not。如：you had better stay at home．你最好呆在家里。you'd better h**e had that experience before.假如你以前有过那个经验就好了。you'd better not run the r**k.你最好不要冒那个险。(4)补充h**e还可用作使役动词和实义动词(表示”有”,”吃”等意义)。如:they h**e had the problem solved.他们让其他人解决了这个问题.(使役动词)bad news has wings.丑事传千里.(实义动词)what shall we h**e for lunch?我们午饭吃甚么?(实义动词)3.do的用法(1)助动词do,does和did用于构成否定句、疑问句和倒装句。如：do you understand all th**?你明白这一切吗？don't go yet.先别走。(2)助动词do,does和did用于代替句中的主要动词，以避免重复。如：he didn't go to the party.neither did i.他没有去参加晚会，我也没有去。i do not agree.nor does he.我不同意，他也不同意。(3)用于加强语气，do，does和did位于陈述句的动词原形前，do位于祈使句中的动词原形前。如：do h**e another cup of coffee before you go.走前请一定再喝一杯咖啡。that's exactly what he did say.他就是那样说的。but i do want to go.可是我确实想去。(4)在一些以否定副词如never,rarely,scarcely,only等为首的句子中，如果实义动词是现在时或过去时，助动词do和did可以构成主谓倒装。如：never did i tell him about that.我从来没有告诉过他那件事。rarely does it snow in the south.南方很少下雪。情态动词can、may、must的用法1.can的用法(1)can表示主语的能力。如：the hall can seat 1,000 people.这个大厅能坐1 000人。can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗？(2)can表示说话人的猜测（即可能性），多用于否定句和疑问句。如：can it be true?这能是真的吗？the moon can't always be at the full.月不可能总是圆的。what can she mean?她可能是什么意思呢？(3)can表示许可。如：th** sort of thing can't go on.这样的事不能再继续下去了。you can't **oke here.你不可在这里吸烟。(4)“can+完成式”表示说话人对过去情况的猜测（只用于否定和疑问结构中）。如：he can't h**e m**sed the way.i explained the route carefully and drew him a map.他不会迷路。我对他详细说明了路线，还画了一张地图。can the team h**e left already?球队已经离开了吗？2.could的用法(1)could表示主语的能力，为can的过去时形式，如：da**y couldn't come yesterday because she was ill.戴西昨天不能来是因为她病了。they said they could swim.他们说他们会游泳。(2)could表示说话人的猜测（即可能性）。如：he could be right.他或许是对的。could it be henry?可能是亨利吗？at that time we thought the story could not be true.那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。(3)could表示许可。如：father said i could swim in the river.爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是make,h**e,let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者.(注：英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.)
1 使役动词h**e,let,make（常用于复合结构）
1.1h**e的用法
1).h**e+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will,would连用,不用于被动结构.
the rich lady had the singer eat with h** servants.
i will h**e him come and help you.
2).h**e+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事.
the two cheats had the lights burning all night long.
he had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.
i h**e them all talking to each other in engl**h.我鼓励他们用英语交谈.
3).h**e+宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.
tom said he had had h** tv set repaired.
tom had h** wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.
“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1）的区别所在.试比较：
h**e you washed your clothes?你洗了衣服了吗?（自己洗）
h**e you had your clothes washed?你叫人洗了衣服了吗?（别人洗）
4).h**e+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补
please h**e your tickets ready.
the emperor had nothing on.
i am sure i’ll h**e him in the argument.
1.2let的用法
1).let+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.
let them stay in the classroom and do their exerc**es themselves.
let ab be equal to cd.假设ab等于cd.
2).let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补
let me in and let them out.
who let you into the building?3．make的用法
1).make+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补.
the teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
the naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.
2).make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.
he ra**ed h** voice to make himself heard.
can you easily make yourself understood in they will make an important plan known to the public soon.
3).make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句.
the news made her happy.
he made it clear that he objected to the proposal.
2“半使役动词”amaze,aston**h等
“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作为形容词使用.但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高,业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点,易混易错点,而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受.半使役动词之所以得名,一则它们的意义都有“使某人感到…”,再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词let,h**e,make等区别开来.
2.4常见的半使役动词
amaze（使某人感到惊呀）,aston**h（使某人感到惊奇）,
bore（使某人感到厌倦）,complicate（使某人感到复杂）,
confuse（使某人感到迷惑）,d**appoint（使某人感到失望）,
delight（使某人感到高兴）,d**courage（使某人感到气馁）,
d**tingu**h（使某人感到显著）,excite（使某人感到兴奋）,
encourage（使某人感到鼓舞）,exhaust（使某人感到疲倦）,
frighten（使某人感到恐惧）,interest（使某人感到有趣）,
inspire（使某人感到刺激）,move（使某人感到激动）,
please（使某人感到高兴）,puzzle（使某人感到不解）,
sat**fy（使某人感到满意）,surpr**e（使某人感到惊异）,
shock（使某人感到震惊）,strike（使某人感到震动）,
tire（使某人感到疲惫）,upset（使某人感到迷惑不解）,等等.
2.2半使役动词的主动式用法：something+vt.+somebody
如：what surpr**ed him most was her br**ery.h** br**e deeds moved china.
the exam result sat**fied h** parents.the boy’s beh**ior upset everybody around.
2.3半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成
如：interest-interesting,interested;aston**h-aston**hing,aston**hed;please-pleasing,pleased,pleasant;sat**fy-sat**fying,sat**fied,sat**factory.
2.4半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律
一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动,表情等；作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事；v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法.而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词.如：
the film we saw last night was very interesting.
we were all interested in the film.
the frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.
the teacher was sat**fied with the answer of h** students.
3 使役意义状态动词get,le**e,set,send,keep,drive,etc.常用于复合结构中
3.1get 使成为/变得某种状态或结果（get的用法跟h**e很接近）
i can’t get the old radio to work.我无法让那旧收音机工作起来.（接带to不定式作宾补）
can you really get that old car going again?你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?the farmer got h** planting done before the rain came.那农民在雨季前完成了种植.
he got h** wr**t broken.他折断了手腕.（主语发生了不幸的事）
she soon got the children ready for school.她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备.
3.2le**e 使保持/处于某种状态
le**e your hat and coat in the hall.把帽子和外套放在大厅里.
did you le**e the doors and windows firmly fastened?你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?always le**e things where you can find them again.总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方.
who left that window open?谁让窗户开着?don’t le**e him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外面雨中等待.
le**e somebody/something alone.不要干涉某人或某事.
le**e well alone.事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了./不要画蛇添足.
3.3set 使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系
set somebody at h** ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松
set something...