关于两部作品已经贴在下面了，但是比较长，需要你再根据你的要求删减一部分。early life
eric arthur blair was born on 25 june 1903 to brit**h parents[4]in motihari,bengal presidency,brit**h india.there,blair's father,richard walmesley blair,worked for the opium department of the civil service.h** mother,ida mabel blair(born limouzin),brought him to england at the age of one.he did not see h** father again until 1907,when richard v**ited england for three months before le**ing again.eric had an older s**ter named marjorie,and a younger s**ter named **ril.he would later describe h** family's background as"lower-upper-middle class".[5]
education
at the age of six,blair was sent to a small anglican par**h school in henley-on-thames,which h** s**ter had attended before him.he never wrote of h** recollections of it,but he must h**e impressed the teachers very f**ourably,for two years later,he was recommended to the headmaster of one of the most successful preparatory schools in england at the time:st cyprian's school,in eastbourne,sussex.blair attended st cyprian's on a scholarship that allowed h** parents to pay only half of the usual fees.many years later,he would recall h** time at st cyprian's with biting resentment in the essay"such,such were the joys".however,in h** time at st.cyprian's,the young blair successfully earned scholarships to both wellington and eton.
after one term at wellington,blair moved to eton,where he was a king's scholar from 1917 to 1921.aldous huxley was h** french teacher for one term early in h** time at eton.later in life he wrote that he had been"relatively happy"at eton,which allowed its students considerable independence,but also that he ceased doing serious work after arriving there.reports of h** academic performance at eton vary;some assert that he was a poor student,while others claim the contrary.he was clearly d**liked by some of h** teachers,who resented what they perceived as d**respect for their authority.during h** time at the school,blair formed lifelong friendships with a number of future brit**h intellectuals such as cyril connolly,future editor of the magazine horizon,in which many of orwell's most famous essays were originally publ**hed.
burma and the early novels
after blair fin**hed h** studies at eton,h** family could not pay for university and he had no prospect of winning a scholarship,so in 1922 he joined the indian imperial police,serving at katha and moulmein in burma.he came to hate imperial**m,and when he returned to england on le**e in 1927 he decided to resign and become a writer.he later used h** burmese experiences for the novel burmese days(1934)and in such essays as a hanging(1931),and shooting an elephant(1936).back in england he wrote to ruth pitter,a family acquaintance,and she and a friend found him a room in london,on the portobello road(a blue plaque ** now on the outside of th** house),where he started to write.it was from here that he sallied out one evening to limehouse causeway—following in the footsteps of jack london—and spent h** first night in a common lodging house,probably george levy's 'kip'.for a while he went native in h** own country,dressing like other tramps and making no concessions,and recording h** experiences of low life in h** first publ**hed essay,'the spike',and the latter half of down and out in par** and london(1933).
in the spring of 1928,he moved to par**,where h** aunt nellie lived and died,hoping to make a living as a freelance writer.in the autumn of 1929,h** lack of success reduced blair to taking menial jobs as a d**hwasher for a few weeks,principally in a fashionable hotel(the hotel x)on the rue de rivoli,which he later described in h** first book,down and out in par** and london,although there ** no indication that he had the book in mind at the time.
ill and broke,he moved back to england in 1929,using h** parents' house in southwold,suffolk,as a base.writing what became burmese days,he made frequent forays into tramping as part of what had by now become a book project on the life of the poorest people in society.meanwhile,he became a regular contributor to john middleton murry's new adelphi magazine.
blair completed down and out in 1932,and it was publ**hed early the next year while he was wo**ng briefly as a schoolteacher at a private school called frays college near hayes,middlesex.he took the job as an escape from dire poverty and it was during th** period that he managed to obtain a literary agent called leonard moore.blair also adopted the pen name george orwell just before down and out was publ**hed.in a november 15 letter to leonard moore,h** agent,he left the choice of a pseudonym to moore and to victor gollancz,the publ**her.four days later,blair wrote moore and suggested p.s.burton,a name he used"when tramping,"adding three other possibilities:kenneth miles,george orwell,and h.lew** allways.[6]
orwell drew on h** work as a teacher and on h** life in southwold for the novel a clergyman's daughter(1935),which he wrote at h** parents' house in 1934 after ill-health—and the urgings of h** parents—forced him to give up teaching.from late 1934 to early 1936 he worked part-time as an ass**tant in a second-hand bookshop,booklover's corner,in hampstead.h**ing led a lonely and very solitary ex**tence,he wanted to enjoy the company of other young writers,and hampstead was a place for intellectuals,as well as h**ing many houses with cheap bedsitters.he worked h** experiences into the novel keep the aspid**tra flying(1936).
world war ii and animal farm
after the ordeals of spain and writing the book about it,most of orwell's formative experiences were over.h** finest writing,h** best essays and h** great fame lay ahead.in 1940,orwell closed up h** house in wallington and he and eileen moved into 18 dorset chambers,chagford street,nw1.he supported himself by writing freelance reviews,mainly for the new weekly but also for time and tide and the new statesman.he joined the brit**h home guard soon after the war began(and was later awarded the"brit**h campaign medals/defence medal").
in 1941 orwell took a job at the bbc eastern service,superv**ing broadcasts to india aimed at stimulating indian interest in the war effort,at a time when the japanese army was at india's doorstep.he was well aware that he was engaged in propaganda,and wrote that he felt like"an orange that's been trodden on by a very dirty boot".
the wartime"min**try of **rmation",which was based at senate house university of london,was the inspiration for the"min**try of truth"in nine** eighty-four.nonetheless,orwell devoted a good deal of effort to h** bbc work,which g**e him an opportunity to work closely with people like t.s.eliot,e.m.forster,mulk raj anand and william empson.
orwell's dec**ion to resign from the bbc followed a report confirming h** fears about the broadcasts:very few indians were l**tening.he wanted to become a war correspondent and also seems to h**e been impatient to begin work on animal farm.
despite the good salary,he resigned in september 1943 and in november became the literary editor of tribune,the left-wing weekly then edited by aneurin bevan and jon kimche(it was kimche who had been box to orwell's cox when they both worked as half-time ass**tants in the hampstead bookshop in 1934–35).orwell was on the staff until early 1945,contributing a regular column titled"as i please."anthony powell and malcolm muggeridge had returned from overseas to fin**h the war in london.all three took to lunching regularly,usually at the bodega just off the strand or the bourgogne in soho,sometimes joined by julian symons(who seemed at the time to be orwell's true d**ciple),and d**id astor,editor/owner of the observer.
in 1944,orwell fin**hed h** anti-stalin**t allegory animal farm,which was first publ**hed in britain on 17 august 1945 and in the u.s.a on the 26 august 1946 with great critical and popular success.frank morley,an editor at harcourt brace,had come to britain as soon as he could at the end of the war to see what readers were currently interested in.he asked to serve a week or so in bowes and bowes,the cambridge bookshop.on h** first day there customers kept asking for a book that had sold out—the second impression of animal farm.he left the counter,read the single copy left in the postal orders' department,went to london and bought the american rights.the royalties from animal farm were to provide orwell with a comfortable income for the first time in h** adult life.
while animal farm was at the printer,and with the end of the war in sight,orwell felt h** old desire growing to be somehow in the thick of the action.d**id astor asked him to act as a war correspondent for the observer to cover the liberation of france and the early occupation of germany,so orwell left tribune to become a war correspondent.orwell was a close friend of astor(some say the model for the wealthy publ**her in keep the aspid**tra flying),and h** ideas had a strong influence on astor's editorial policies.astor,who died in 2001,** buried in the gr**e next to orwell.
nine** eighty-four and final years
orwell was taken ill again in cologne in spring 1945.while he was sick there,h** wife died during an operation in newcastle to remove a tumor(they had recently adopted a baby boy,richard horatio blair,who was born in may 1944).she had not told him about th** operation due to concerns on the cost and the fact that she thought she would make a speedy recovery.
for the next four years orwell mixed journal**tic work—mainly for tribune,the observer and the manchester evening news,though he also contributed to many small-circulation political and literary magazines—with writing h** best-known work,nine** eighty-four,which was publ**hed in 1949.originally,orwell was undecided between titling the book the last man in europe and nine** eighty-four but h** publ**her,fredric warburg,helped him choose.the title was not the year orwell had ...