加s是复数
加es 是复数的特殊形式
加er是将动词转换成名词，比如teach，教，加er就变成了teacher，教师。加ing是现在进行时
加ed是过去式
过去式，过去时态。past tense
概念：
表示过去了的动作或事件。例句：
i met him yesterday.昨天我碰见了他。i did my homework at home last week.我上周在家做作业了。构成
表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下：
（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：
worked played wanted acted
（2）以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：
lived moved decided declined hoped judged ra**ed wiped
（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
（5）注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go-went，make-made，get-got，buy-bought，come-came，fly-flew，**/am-was，are-were，see-saw，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught,think-thought,are-were,say-said,sit-sat.
用法：
（1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。i worked in that factory last year.去年我在那一家工厂工作。i went to the tian long mountain yesterday.昨天我们去了天龙山。（2）
一般过去时态：表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。时间标志：yesterday（昨天）,last week（上周）,last month（上个月）,last year（去年）,two months ago（两个月前）,the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990(在1990年),in those days（在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语。如：i was born in 1990.(我出生在1990年)。when did you go to the park（你是什么时候去的公园）。i went to the park last week.（我是上周去的公园）
在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态；第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。1．be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词，am ** 的过去式为was;are的过去式为were.
构成：肯定句：主语+was(were)+宾语
如：i was late yesterday.（昨天我迟到了。否定句：主语+was(were)+not+宾语
如：we weren't late yesterday.(我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句：was(were)+主语+宾语
如：were you ill yesterday（你昨天病了吗？肯定回答：yes,i was.(是的，我病了。否定句：no,i wasn't.(不，我没病。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+宾语
如：when were you born 你是什么时候出生的？读法：
规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：
1.在清辅音后读作[t]。如：asked,helped,watched,stopped
2.在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如：enjoyed,studied,moved,called
3.在t/d后读作[id]。如：wanted,needed
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
1.以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat
2.以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent
3.以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt
4.以ow/aw结尾的词，把ow/aw变成ew。如：blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew
5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt
6.含有元音字母o/i的词，将o/i变成a。如：sing—sang,give—g**e,sit—sat,drink—drank
补充：
不规则变化动词表：原形 过去式 过去分词
abide abode,abided abode,
alight
ar**e arose ar**en
awake awoke，awaked awoken
be was,were been
bear bore borne,born
beat beat beaten
become became become
befall befell befallen
beget begot begotten,begot
begin began begun
behold beheld beheld
bend bent bent
bere**e bere**ed,bereft bere**ed,bereft
beseech besought,beseeched besought,beseeched
beset beset beset
bespeak bespoke bespoken,bespoke
bespread bespread bespread
bestrew bestrewed bestrewed,bestrewn
bestride bestrode bestridden,bestrid,bestrode
bet bet,betted bet,betted
betake betook betaken
bethink bethought bethought
bid bade,bid bidden,bid
bide bode,bided bided
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten,bit
bleed bled bled
blend blended,blent blended,blent
bless blessed,blest blessed,blest
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted
browbeat browbeat browbeaten
build built built
burn burnt,burned burnt,burned
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
can could-
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
chide chid,chided chid,chidden,chided
choose chose chosen
cle**e cle**ed,cleft,clove cle**ed,cleft
cle**e cl**e cloven
cling clung clung
clothe clothed,clad clothed,clad
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
crow crowed,crew crowed
cut cut cut
dare dared,durst dared
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
d**pread d**pread d**pread
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed,dreamt dreamed,dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelt,dwelled dwelt,dwelled
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
fly fled fled
fly flied flied
forbear forbore forborne
forbid forbade,forbad forbidden
forecast forecast,forecasted forecast,forecasted
fordo fordid fordone
forego forewent foregone
foreknow foreknew foreknown
forerun foreran forerun
foresee foresaw foreseen
foreshow foreshowed foreshown
foretell foretold foretold
forget forgot forgotten,forgot
forgive forg**e forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
forswear forswore forsworn
freeze froze frozen
gainsay gainsaid gainsaid
get got got,gotten
gild gilded,gilt gilded
gird girded,girt girded,girt
give g**e given
go went gone
gr**e gr**ed gr**en,gr**ed
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hamstring hamstringed,hamstrung hamstringed,hamstrung
hang hung hung
hang hanged hanged
h**e had had
hear heard heard
he**e he**ed,hove he**ed,hove
hew hewed hewed,hewn
hide hid hidden,hid
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
inlay inlaid inlaid
keep kept kept
kneel knelt,kneeled knelt,kneeled
knit knitted,knit knitted,knit
know knew known
lade laded laded,laden
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean leaned,leant leaned,leant
leap leapt,leaped leapt,leaped
learn learnt,learned learnt,learned
le**e left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
light lighted lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
may might-
mean meant meant
meet met met
melt melted melted,melten
m**deal m**dealt m**dealt
m**give m**g**e m**given
m**lay m**laid m**laid
m**lead m**led m**led
m**take m**took m**taken
m**understand m**understood m**understood
mow mowed mowed,mown
must must-
ought ought-
outbid outbade,outbid outbidden,outbid
outbreed outbred outbred
outdo outdid outdone
outeat outate outeaten
outfight outfought outfought
outgo outwent outgone
outgrow outgrew outgrown
outlay outlaid outlaid
outride outrode outridden
outrun outran outrun
outsell outsold outsold
outshine outshone outshone
outshoot outshot outshot
outsit outsat outsat
outspend outspent outspent
outspread outspread outspread
outthrow outthrew outthrown
outthrust outthrust outthrust
outwear outwore outworn
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