是108篇更好一点，既便宜又实用。《散文佳作108篇（汉英·英汉对照）》
《英译**现代散文选》张培基 1，2，3辑
理解和表达是翻译过程中两个紧密联系的阶段，理解是表达的前提，没有正确的理解就不可能有正确的表达。具体到八级考试翻译测试中，考生应正确理解原文中的词法和句法结构,修辞手法，以及原文中涉及的文化背景知识等。请看下面的例子:我的导师是亚裔人,嗜烟好酒,脾气暴躁.
误译:my adv**or,an asian,was addicted to alcohols and cigarettes.
改译:my adv**or,an asian american,was addicted to alcohols and cigarettes.
这是1997年八级考试汉译英试题中的一句，很多考生将"亚裔人"理解为"亚洲人",而译成asian,这显然是不对的.根据原文的语境,这里的"亚裔人"指的是已经取得美国国籍的亚洲人,应翻译成asian american.among prominent summer deaths,one recalls those of marilyn monroe and james dean,whose lives seemed equally brief and complete.
误译:在著名的夏天的逝世者中,我们会想起玛丽莲梦露和詹姆斯迪恩,他们的生命都是既短促又圆满的.
改译:在著名的英年早逝者中,我们会想起玛丽莲梦露和詹姆斯迪恩,他们的生命都是既短促又圆满的。这是2000年八级考试英译汉试题中的一句，居中summer deaths 短语中的summer不是"夏天"的意思，而是"壮年","全盛期"的意思。如此错误的理解导致译文在意思上和原文相去甚远.“加油”英译。“加油”这个在奥运会上大放异彩的汉语，的确很难从英语中找到合适的 初高中海量作文大全小升初 中考满分 高考满分 高考零分 词来对应。也就是说，从发音节奏上说，从内容贴切的程度上看，都很难找到准确的对应词来，“go for it”或“put effort into it”或“don't give up”等又属于纯解释性翻译。所有这些都没有“加油”来得干脆，来得那么有韵律。而且“加油”不仅在奥运会这种欢乐气氛十分浓烈的环境里使用，而且，也使用到了四川地震的悲伤环境里，当时有很多人打着“**加油”和“汶川加油”的牌子。显然，他们对“加油”两字的使用范围和意思的整体把握并不十分了解。也就是说，他们看到“加油”两字居然能使用在大悲与大喜两种完全不同情形之中，却不发生冲突。《时代》驻北京记者西蒙·爱勒根特给出了最好的，恐怕也是最贴切的英译文，“zhongguo jiayou!go china!也就是说，**确的译文应该是两个：一个是拼音“jiayou”，另外一个叫“go china”。我们既可以只喊“jiayou”（拼音发出来的声音），也可以用英文喊“go china”。值得一提的是，很多**人看到“加油”不可翻译成英文，才发现原来**文化的独特性与唯一性，并与我一样，为这种独特性与唯一性感到无限骄傲。事实上，中西方文化的差异实在太大，也正因为这种巨大的文化差异，才有我这种人的存在的价值与必要：为中西文化搭建一座浮桥，也只能是浮桥，而不会是具有坚实桥墩的桥梁，也只是起到让东西方文化简单碰面的作用，而不可能使两种文化深入交融。和许多发达城市一样，维也纳也早就进入了老龄社会。应该说，在奥地利这样的高福利**，老人们起码的生活来源是不用担心的。包罗万象的社会福利系统给老人们提供了许多方便。除了名目各异的津贴与保险之外，还有各种各样的优惠，如乘火车，参观博物馆，听歌剧等等，都会因为您是老人而折扣收费。这些优惠甚至还扩展到了来奥地利的外国老年旅游者。只要他们出示必要的**明，完全可以和奥地利老年公民享受同等待遇。然而，我们知道，衣食无忧仅仅是生活的一个方面，人们对生活的要求是多侧面的，文明程度越高，人们的心理需求就越高。尤其是老年人，他们和青年人一样，也有文化的需要，娱乐的需要，尊严的需要，成就感的需要，更何况他们已经走过了生命的大部分历程。他们要在生命的最后一个阶段活得更加舒心，活得更有色彩。在维也纳的日子里，我们见到的老年人，好像都生活得有滋有味的。我常常会被他们所感染。我由衷地敬佩他们积极的生活态度，我尤其欣赏他们那开朗的精神状态。因为我们语言不通，我无法和他们更深入地交流，我只能将我所看到的情景和场面白描似地记录下来。一天，我又漫步走进了一家古董店，毫无目的地浏览着各种奇奇怪怪的古玩意儿。往店堂深处走时我突然发现此店的收银员是一位老太太。我无法知道是什么原因使这位老妇人在应该颐养天年的岁数还在充当上班族，我只知道一眼看去这位老妇人是喜欢这份工作的，而且也完全能够胜任这份工作。只见她全神贯注，手指在收银机的键盘上利索地摁动着，每结 完一份帐，便会抬起头来对着顾客微微一笑，没有一颗牙的嘴笑起来有点滑稽也有点天真，但相当有趣。我不由自主地在她身边停了下来。我突然发现这位老妇人坐在收银台上和这家古董店的情调是那么的和谐，说不定正是这家商店用以招徕顾客的特殊手段。我是带着许多问号离开这家商店的，因为我觉得这位老妇人和这家古董店肯定有着一段很有意思的故事，只可惜我听不到了。like many other metropol**es in the world,vienna has entered an old-age society.i must say,in a country with high social welfare benefits like austria,aged people needn't worry about their primary needs of livelihood.the all-embracing social welfare system facilitates people in their advanced age.in addition to the subsidies and insurances of every description,there are other f**ors such as tr**eling by train,v**iting museums and attending operas at cut prices all on account of your old age.such f**ors are also extended to aged v**iting tour**ts to austria.they only h**e to produce their id or other corresponding certificates and they will enjoy the same privileges like their austrian counterparts.yet,we all know that supply of prov**ions and clothing ** only one aspect of life;man's demand on life ** many-sided.higher the civilization,higher ** man's psychological aspiration.th** ** especially true of old folks.like young people,they h**e the need of cultural life,the need of recreation and amusement,the need of dignity and the need of accompl**hment.besides,h**ing tr**ersed greater part of their lives and unwilling to le**e behind too many regrets,they want to,in their remaining years,make their lives easier and substantial.during my stay in vienna,i found that all the elderly people i met with seemed to enjoy their lives enormously.contagiously,i couldn't help admiring them for their positive attitude toward life,especially their optim**m.because of the language barrier i could not go deep into our conversation.so,all i could do ** record what i saw then and there in sketch forms.
one day,i strolled into an old curiosity shop where i browsed the antiques on d**play.as i walked further into the store,i found,to my great surpr**e,that the cashier behind the reg**ter turned out to be an old woman.i can never understand what has driven th** old woman to join the rank of wage earners at an age when she should take life easy and enjoy the few days she had left with her.all i know ** that i could tell at first sight she apparently enjoyed what she was doing,and was competent for the job.her concentration of mind,her skillful handling of the cash reg**ter and her faint,naive yet somewhat facetious smile from behind her toothless mouth after the settlement of each account was simply amusing.somehow i halted beside her.only then did i d**cover in what perfect harmony the old woman behind the cashier's reg**ter was with the antique shop.it can very well be a trick employed to attract customers.with many questions unasked i left that store,for somehow i was convinced there must be something intriguing between th** old woman and the old curiosity shop.how i w**h i could hear it all!