这些都是正式英文出版物的名称。five weeks in a balloon
the extraordinary voyages
in search of the castaways or captain grant's children
the mysterious **land
from the earth to the moon
twenty thousand leagues under the sea
《在已知与未知的世界漫游》《奇异的旅行丛书》应该是一个意思，是作者从1863年起所有作品的总标题。介绍：
jules gabriel verne(february 8,1828–march 24,1905)was a french author who pioneered the science-fiction genre.he ** best known for novels such as journey to the center of the earth(1864),twenty thousand leagues under the sea(1870),and around the world in eighty days(1873).verne wrote about space,air,and underwater tr**el before air tr**el and practical submarines were invented,and before practical means of space tr**el had been dev**ed.he ** the third most translated author in the world,according to index translationum.some of h** books h**e been made into films.verne,along with hugo gern**ack and h.g.wells,** often popularly referred to as the"father of science fiction".[1]
contents
[hide]
1 biography
o 1.1 early years
o 1.2 literary debut
o 1.3 last years
2 reputation in speaking countries
3 hetzel's influence
4 predictions
5 scholar´s jokes
6 bibliography
7 see also
8 notes
9 further reading
10 external links
[edit]biography
[edit]early years
jules g.verne was born to pierre verne,an attorney,and h** wife,sophie,in nantes,the former capital of brittany,france.the eldest of five children,jules spent h** early years at home with h** parents in the bustling harbor city of nantes.the family spent summers in a country house just outside the city,on the banks of the loire river.here jules and h** brother paul would often rent a boat for a franc a day.the sight of the many ships n**igating the river sparked jules's imagination,as he describes in the autobiographical short story souvenirs d'enfance et de jeunesse.at the age of nine,jules and paul,of whom he was very fond,were sent to boarding school at the saint donatien college(petit séminaire de saint-donatien).as a child,he developed a great interest in tr**el and exploration,a passion he showed as a writer of adventure stories and science fiction.h** interest in writing often cost him progress in other subjects.
at the boarding school,verne studied latin,which he used in h** short story le mariage de monsieur anselme des tilleuls in the mid 1850s.one of h** teachers may h**e been the french inventor brutus de villeroi,professor of drawing and mathematics at the college in 1842,and who later became famous for creating the us n**y's first submarine,the uss alligator.de villeroi may h**e inspired verne's conceptual design for the nautilus in twenty thousand leagues under the sea,although no direct exchanges between the two men h**e been recorded.
verne's second french biographer,marguerite allotte de la fuye,formulated the rumor that verne was so fascinated with adventure at an early age that he stowed away on a ship bound for the west indies,but that jules's voyage was cut short when he found h** father waiting for him at the next port.
[edit]literary debut
after completing h** studies at the lycée,verne went to par** to study the bar.about 1848,in conjunction with michel carré,he began writing librettos for operettas.for some years h** attentions were divided between the theatre and work,but some tr**ellers' stories which he wrote for the musée des familles revealed to him h** true talent:the telling of delightfully extr**agant voyages and adventures to which cleverly prepared scientific and geographical details lent an air of ver**imilitude.
when verne's father d**covered that h** son was writing rather than studying law,he promptly withdrew h** financial support.verne was forced to support himself as a stockbroker,which he hated despite being somewhat successful at it.during th** period,he met alexandre dumas,père and victor hugo,who offered him writing advice.
verne also met honorine de viane morel,a widow with two daughters.they were married on january 10,1857.with her encouragement,he continued to write and actively looked for a publ**her.on august 3,1861,their son,michel jules verne,was born.a classic enfant terrible,michel was sent to mettray penal colony in 1876 and later would marry an actress in spite of verne's objections,had two children by h** 16 year old m**tress,and buried himself in debts.the relationship between father and son did improve as michel grew older.
a typical hetzel front cover for a jules verne book.the edition ** les **entures du capitaine hatteras au pôle nord,type"aux deux éléphants".
a typical hetzel front cover for a jules verne book.the edition ** les **entures du capitaine hatteras au pôle nord,type"aux deux éléphants".
verne's situation improved when he met pierre-jules hetzel,one of the most important french publ**hers of the 19th century,who also publ**hed victor hugo,georges sand,and erckmann-chatrian,among others.they formed an excellent writer-publ**her team until hetzel's death.hetzel helped improve verne's writings,which until then had been repeatedly rejected by other publ**hers.hetzel read a draft of verne's story about the balloon exploration of africa,which had been rejected by other publ**hers for being"too scientific".with hetzel's help,verne rewrote the story,which was publ**hed in 1863 in book form as cinq semaines en balloon(five weeks in a balloon).acting on hetzel's advice,verne added comical accents to h** novels,changed sad endings into happy ones,and toned down various political **s.
from that point to years after verne's death,hetzel publ**hed two or volumes a year.the most successful of these include:voyage au centre de la terre(journey to the center of the earth,1864);de la terre à la lune(from the earth to the moon,1865);vingt mille lieues sous les mers(twenty thousand leagues under the sea,1869);and le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours(around the world in eighty days),which first appeared in le temps in 1872.the series ** collectively known as"les voyages extraordinaires"("extraordinary voyages").verne could now live on h** writings.but most of h** wealth came from the stage adaptations of le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours(1874)and michel strogoff(1876),which he wrote with adolphe d'ennery.in 1867 verne bought a small ship,the saint-michel,which he successively replaced with the saint-michel ii and the saint-michel iii as h** financial situation improved.on board the saint-michel iii,he sailed around europe.in 1870,he was appointed as"chevalier"(knight)of the légion d'honneur.after h** first novel,most of h** stories were first serial**ed in the magazine d'éducation et de récréation,a hetzel biweekly publication,before being publ**hed in the form of books.h** brother paul contributed to 40th french climbing of the mont-blanc and a collection of short stories-doctor ox-in 1874.verne became wealthy and famous.according to the unesco index translationum,jules verne regularly places among the top five most translated authors in the world.
[edit]last years
on march 9,1886,as verne was coming home,h** twenty-five-year-old paranoid nephew,gaston,shot him with a gun.one bullet m**sed,but the second entered verne's left leg,giving him a limp that would not be cured.th** left verne limping for life.gaston spent the rest of h** life in an asylum.
after the deaths of hetzel and h** beloved mother in 1887,jules began writing darker works.th** may partly be due to changes in h** personality,but an important factor ** the fact that hetzel's son,who took over h** father's business,was not as rigorous in h** corrections as hetzel sr.had been.in 1888,jules verne entered politics and was elected town councilor of amiens,where he championed several improvements and served for fif** years.in 1905,while ill with diabetes,verne died at h** home,44 boulevard longueville(now boulevard jules-verne).michel oversaw publication of h** last novels invasion of the sea and the lighthouse at the end of the world.the"voyages extraordinaires"series continued for several years afterwards in the same rhythm of two volumes a year.it has later been d**covered that michel verne had made extensive changes in these stories,and the original versions were publ**hed at the end of the 20th century.
in 1863,jules verne wrote a novel called par** in the 20th century about a young man who lives in a world of glass skyscrapers,high-speed trains,gas-powered automobiles,calculators,and a worldwide communications network,yet cannot find happiness and comes to a tragic end.hetzel thought the novel's pessim**m would damage verne's then booming career,and suggested he wait 20 years to publ**h it.verne put the manuscript in a safe,where it was d**covered by h** great-grandson in 1989.it was publ**hed in 1994.
[edit]reputation in speaking countries
while verne ** considered in many countries such as france as an author of quality books for young people,with a good command of h** subjects,including technology and politics,h** reputation in speaking countries suffered for a long time from poor translation.
character**tic of much of late 19th century writing,verne's books often took a chauvin**tic point of view.the brit**h empire in particular was frequently portrayed in a bad light,and so the first translator,reverend lew** page mercier wo**ng under a pseudonym,removed many such passages,such as those describing the political actions of captain nemo in h** incarnation as an indian nobleman.such negative depictions were not,however,invariable in verne's works;for example,facing the flag features lieutenant devon,a heroic,self-sacrificing royal n**y officer worthy of any written by brit**h authors.captain nemo,an indian,was balanced by ned land,a canadian.some of verne's most famous heroes were brit**h(e.g.phileas fogg in around the world in eighty days).
mercier and subsequent brit**h translators also had trouble with the metric system that verne used,sometimes...