演讲的四个目标
l 提供信息
to offer **rmation;l 使听众感到乐趣
to entertain the audience;l 动之以情
to touch emotions;l 使听众行动起来
to move to action;演讲切忌
1.语速太快;talking too rapidly;2.声音单调；speaking in monotone;3.声音尖细；using too high a vocal pitch;4.谈得太多，说得太少；talking and not saying much;5.感情不充分；presenting without enough emotion or passion;6.对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;talking down to the audience;7.夸张的词语使用得太多；using too many"big"words;8.使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明；using abstractions without giving concrete examples
9.使用别人不熟悉的技术术语；using unfamiliar technical jargon;10.使用俚语或粗俗语；using slang or profanity;11.演讲无组织，散乱无序；d**organized and rambling performance;12.说话绕弯子，不切中主题
indirect communication i.e.beating around the bush；怎样与听众交流
l 要有值得交流的观点；a ** worth communicating;l 引起听众的注意：抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任；gain the l**teners' attention:capture their interest and build their trust;l 重视理解；emphasize understanding;l 获得反馈；obtain their feedback;l 注意声调，要有感情；watch your emotional tone;l 说服听众；persuade the audience;怎样变得自信
l 微笑并看着观众
smile and glance at the audience；l 开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态
start very slowly,with your shoulders back and your chin up;l 开场白说一些真诚话
open your speech by saying something very frankly;l 穿上自己最好的衣服
wear your very best clothes;l 对自己说一些积极的话
say something positive to/about yourself
怎样组织演讲
l 要有一个结构：可以分一二三点；可以从地理上分东南西北；比较与对比；我方与他方；正面与反面；to h**e a structure:such as first,second,third;geographically,north,south,east,west;compare and contrasts;our side versus their side;negative and positive;l 将材料归类整理，如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据
to label the materials such as jokes,funny anecdotes,f**orite sayings,interesting stat**tics;l 使用卡片；to use note cards;怎样使用卡片
l 在卡片的右上角标上数字；number your cards on the top right;l 在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子；l write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;l 其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词；l write up to five key words on other cards;l 用颜色来标记你想强调的词；l use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;l 在某一处提醒自己查看时间。l remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.
演讲指南
l 预先计划好
plan well in advance.
l 保证自己充分了解在活动中的角色
make sure you fully understand your role in the program.
l 认真地构思演讲，使其结构符合逻辑
devote care to structuring your speech logically.
l 认真设定适当的基调
devote care to setting the proper tone.
如何开头
l 讲个（自己的）故事
to tell a story(about yourself).
l 对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢
to acknowledge the occasion of the gathering.
l 称赞一下听众
to pay the l**teners a compliment.
l 引用名人名言
to quote
l 使用一些不平常的数据
to use unusual stat**tics.
l 问观众一个挑战性的问题
to ask the audience a challengingquestion；l 播放录像带或看幻灯片
to show a video or a slide.
如何结尾
l 重复你的开头
to repeat your opening.
l 概括你的演讲
to summarize your presentation.
l 以趣事结尾
to close with an anecdote.
l 以号召行动结尾
to end with a call to action.
l 以反问结尾
to ask a rhetoricalquestion.
l 以一个陈述句结尾
to make a statement.
l 展示演讲大纲
to show an outline of your presentation.
眼神交流
l 眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间；move your eyes slowly from person to person,and pause two or three seconds with each l**tener;l 眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴
look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;l 找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑；look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one,then move on to the skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;l 如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.
紧张的典型特征
l 手放在口袋里
hands in pockets
l 眨眼次数过多
increased blinking of the eyes；l 害怕眼神的接触
failure to make eye contact；l 舔嘴唇和抿嘴唇
licking and biting of the lips；l 敲叩手指
finger tapping；l 手势又急又快
fast,jerky gestures
如何使用手势
l 手可以指点着假想的物体，不要用食指指着别人；point at imaginary objects and don't point at others with your index finger;l 尺寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示
size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands;l 手抬起并与头成四十五度角，优雅地用手势表示出数字
gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 degree angle from your head;l 如果想要强调长度尺寸的大小，将两手伸向前方，尽量分开，并上下移动。to emphasize physical size such as length,width,hold your hands out in front you widely apart to move them up and down.